ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation is India’s space agency). It was founded to help develop an indigenous Indian space program in 1969. It is located in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. The objective of ISRO is to use space technology and its application to various national tasks. The Indian space program was driven by the vision of Vikram Sarabhai. He is the father of the Indian space program. ISRO is one of the 6 largest space agencies in the world today. ISRO functions in many different areas that include broadcasting, weather forecasting, Geographic Information Systems, navigation, cartography (maps), disaster management, telemedicine, distance education satellites, etc.
Out of 104 satellites launched by ISRO 3 were Indian satellites. The latest missions of ISRO are GSAT-30, PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1, PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission, Mars Orbiter Mission, AstroSat MISSION.

1. GSAT-30

GSAT-30 was launched from Kourou launch base on January 17, 2020, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-251. It was aimed and launched successfully into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). The satellite is based on ISRO’s I-3K bus. Its total weight is 3357 kg.
GSAT-30 is a telecommunication satellite. Its main communication payloads are 12 Ku and 12 C-band transponders. The main purpose of 12 Ku band transponders is to cover the Indian mainland and islands. On the other hand, the 12 C-band transponders are to extend coverage over the area of Asia and Australia. The designed in-orbit operational life of GSAT-30 is estimated for about more than 15 years.

2. PSLV-C48/RISAT-2BR1

PSLV-C48 successfully launched RISAT-2BR1 and nine commercial satellites on December 11, 2019. The Launch Station is Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
This is injected into the orbit About 16 minutes and 23 seconds after lift-off at 576 km at an inclination of 37 degrees to the equator.
This earth observation and radar imaging satellite, RISAT-2BR1 provides services in the field of Agriculture, Forestry and Disaster Management.

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A radar imaging earth observation satellite weighing about 628 kg and its payload X-Band Radar. As already mentioned above, this provides the best services in the field of Agriculture, and forestry. It does great help in Disaster Management too. This mission life of RISAT-2BR1 is 5 years.

3. PSLV-C47 / Cartosat-3 Mission

Cartosat-3 successfully launched with 13 commercial nanosatellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota on November 27, 2019.
PSLV-C47 was the 74th launch vehicle mission from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. Cartosat-3 was injected into an orbit About 17 minutes and 38 seconds after lift-off at 509 km at an inclination of 97.5 degrees to the equator.
in panchromatic mode, this satellite has an imaging payload with a ground resolution of 0.25 m with 16 km swath, multispectral mode, a resolution of 1.13 m with 16 km swath in 4 bands and in hyperspectral mode, the resolution is 12 m with 5 km. It features an MWIR Camera with a 5.7 m resolution.
Cartosat-3 satellite is the third generation agile advanced satellite having high-resolution imaging capability. It aims to note the increased demands for large scale urban planning, rural resource and infrastructure development, coastal land use and land cover.

4. MARS Orbiter Mission

Mars Orbiter Mission is also called Mangalyaan. It was launched on 5 November 2013. India’s first venture into interplanetary space, MOM explores and observes Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy and the Martian atmosphere. And a specific search for methane in the Martian atmosphere will provide information about the possibility or the past existence of life on the planet.
PSLV-C25 is the twenty-fifth flight of PSLV launched Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
PSLV-C25 mission was planned and optimized to the launch of Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft. It was projected into a highly elliptical Earth orbit with a perigee of 250 km and an apogee of 23,500 km, where the perigee is the nearest point to Earth and the latter is the farthest point to earth. with an inclination of 19.2 degrees with respect to the equator.
The MOM traveled 650 million kilometers from earth and it weighs 1350 kgs.

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The payloads are

• Mars Colour Camera (MCC),
• Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS),
• Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM),
• Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA), and
• Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP).

Mars covers almost 1800 km x 1800 km area. MCC captures 20 km x 20 km when it is in perigee.

5. AstroSat Misson

AstroSat is an astronomy mission. The mission was mainly aimed at designing, developing, realizing and launching a multi-wavelength astronomy satellite to study the cosmic sources over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum such as from optical, ultraviolet (UV) to high energy X-rays.
The payloads cover the energy bands of Ultraviolet (Near and Far), limited optical and X-ray regime (0.3 keV to 100keV). It helps by enabling the simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of various astronomical objects with a single satellite.
AstroSat has a lift-off mass of 1515 kg. Being launched on September 28, 2015, into a 650 km orbit, it is inclined at an angle of 6 deg to the equator. All of this is done with the help of PSLV-C30 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The minimum lifecycle of the AstroSat mission is estimated for about 5 years.

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The two solar panels of AstroSat were automatically deployed in quick succession after injection into Orbit. There is a spacecraft control center at Mission Operations Complex (MOX) of ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru. It manages the satellite during the entire mission life of the satellite.
One of the main objectives of the AstroSat mission is to understand high energy processes in binary star systems containing neutron stars. Some of the other objectives are

• Black holes
• Estimate magnetic fields of neutron stars
• Observe star birth regions and high energy processes in star systems lying beyond our galaxy
• Detect new briefly bright X-ray sources in the sky
• Perform a limited deep field survey of the Universe in the Ultraviolet region.

All the payloads are operational and are observing the cosmic sources. The spacecraft and payloads are healthy. It was dedicated to performance verification for the first six months and calibration of payloads after that the science observations by the payloads began.
CONCLUSION
These are all the latest and trending Missions of ISRO. it gives continuous data to detail the study of appropriate departments. These missions are useful for telecommunication, the field of Agriculture, Forestry and Disaster Management, demands large scale urban planning, rural resource, and infrastructure development, coastal land use and land cover, observes Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy, and the Martian atmosphere, studying celestial.
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